суббота, 13 октября 2012 г.

Fractional composition of oil


Fractional composition is an important indicator of the quality of oil. In the process of distillation at gradually rising temperatures of the oil was removed parts - fractions differing boiling range.

The atmospheric distillation the following fractions boiling up to 350 ° C - light oils:
up to 100 ° C - petroleyvaya fraction;
up to 180 ° C - gasoline fraction;
140-180 ° C - naphtha;
140-220 ° C - kerosene fraction;
180-350 ° C (220-350 ° C) - the diesel fraction.

Recently, the fraction boiling up to 200 ° C, referred to as the lungs, or petrol, from 200 to 300 ° C - average, or kerosene, above 300 ° C - heavy or oily.

All the fractions boiling up to 300 ° C, referred to as light, the remainder after the selection of light distillates (above 350 ° C) is called black oil. Fuel oil distilled under vacuum to afford the following fractions as a function of processing:
for fuel (350-500 ° C) - the vacuum gas oil (vacuum distillate);
500 ° C - the vacuum residue (tar).

Getting oil occurs in the following temperature ranges: 300-400 ° C - light fraction, 400-450 ° C - the average fraction, 450-490 ° C - heavy fraction, over 490 ° C - tar. Asphaltene deposition (AFS) is also referred to as heavy oil components - Tm ~ 80 ° C.

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